Hellenistic Era

323 BCE – 31 BCE · 90 sites

All sites in this period

Country Record

Oldest City in Jordan

Petra

300 BCE – 700 CE

Petra, the Nabataean capital from ~300 BCE to 700 CE, is famed for its rock-cut tombs and sophisticated water system, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New Seven Wonders.

HellenisticRomanLate Antique

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Country Record

Oldest City in Italy

Pompeii

700 BCE – 79 CE

The Roman city of Pompeii was buried in the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE, its extraordinary preservation offering an unparalleled window into ancient daily life.

Iron AgeClassicalHellenistic

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Troy

3000 BCE – 500 CE

The legendary city of Homer's Iliad, located at Hisarlık in northwestern Türkiye. Multiple settlement layers spanning over 4,000 years make it one of the most storied archaeological sites in the world.

Iron AgeClassicalRoman

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Continent Record

Most-Visited Ancient Site in Africa

Carthage

814 BCE – 700 CE

Ancient Phoenician city-state that became Rome's greatest rival, later reborn as a Roman metropolis, embodying over a millennium of Mediterranean history.

Iron AgeClassicalHellenistic

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Country Record

Longest Recorded History in Peru

Nazca Lines

500 BCE – 500 CE

The Nazca Lines, vast geoglyphs etched into Peru’s desert, date from c. 500 BCE–500 CE and remain one of archaeology’s most intriguing legacies of ancient monumental art.

ClassicalHellenisticRoman

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Ephesus

1000 BCE – 700 CE

One of the greatest cities of the ancient Mediterranean world. Home to the Temple of Artemis (one of the Seven Wonders), the Library of Celsus, and a theatre seating 25,000.

RomanClassicalHellenistic

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Continent Record

Oldest Complex in Europe

Roman Forum

500 BCE – 600 CE

The political, religious, and commercial heart of ancient Rome, continuously inhabited from the 7th century BCE to the 7th century CE, now one of the world's most iconic archaeological landscapes.

ClassicalHellenisticRoman

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Country Record

Earliest Known Site in Greece

Delphi

800 BCE – 393 CE

Ancient Greek sanctuary and seat of the famed Delphic Oracle, occupied from 800 BCE to 393 CE, perched on Mount Parnassus.

Iron AgeClassicalHellenistic

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Palmyra

2000 BCE – 273 CE

Ancient oasis city in Syria, Palmyra was a crucial hub on the Silk Road, famed for its fusion of Greco-Roman and Persian architecture and the brief but dramatic reign of Queen Zenobia against Rome.

Bronze AgeIron AgeHellenistic

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Olympia

776 BCE – 393 CE

Ancient sanctuary of Zeus and birthplace of the Olympic Games, hosting athletes and pilgrims from 776 BCE until its closure in 393 CE.

Iron AgeClassicalHellenistic

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World Record

Oldest Temple in the World

Karnak

2055 BCE – 100 BCE

The Karnak Temple Complex, the largest religious site ever built, developed over two thousand years as the preeminent cult center of the god Amun-Ra, showcasing the architectural ambitions of dozens of pharaohs and the evolving political power of Thebes.

Bronze AgeIron AgeClassical

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Masada

100 BCE – 73 CE

Masada is a dramatic desert fortress built by Herod the Great, renowned as the site of the Jewish Zealots' last stand against the Roman Empire in 73 CE.

HellenisticRoman