Dynastic Egypt Era

3100 BCE – 332 BCE · 14 sites

All sites in this period

The Great Sphinx of Giza with the Pyramid of Khafre behind, Egypt

Continent Record

Oldest Monument in Africa

Great Sphinx of Giza

2558 BCE – 2500 BCE

The limestone colossus crouched on the Giza plateau — a human-headed lion 73 metres long carved from the living bedrock beside Khafre's pyramid — is among the most searched ancient monuments on Earth and the defining guardian image of pharaonic Egypt.

Dynastic Egypt

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Continent Record

Oldest Necropolis in Africa

Pyramids of Giza

2580 BCE – 2510 BCE

The Pyramids of Giza, monumental tombs of Old Kingdom pharaohs Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, represent the zenith of ancient Egyptian architectural achievement and religious expression.

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Bronze AgeDynastic Egypt

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Continent Record

Oldest Temple in Africa

Karnak

2055 BCE – 100 BCE

The Karnak Temple Complex, the largest religious site ever built, developed over two thousand years as the preeminent cult center of the god Amun-Ra, showcasing the architectural ambitions of dozens of pharaohs and the evolving political power of Thebes.

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Bronze AgeIron AgeClassical

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Country Record

Earliest Known Site in Egypt

Abu Simbel

1264 BCE – 1244 BCE

The twin rock temples of Abu Simbel, carved by Ramesses II (c. 1264–1244 BCE) in Nubia, showcase colossal statues and a celebrated solar alignment; they were famously relocated in the 1960s to escape the rising Lake Nasser.

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Bronze AgeDynastic Egypt

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Country Record

Oldest Necropolis in Egypt

Valley of the Kings

1539 BCE – 1075 BCE

The Valley of the Kings, ancient Egypt's primary royal necropolis during the New Kingdom (c. 1539–1075 BCE), conceals over 60 elaborately decorated tombs, including that of Tutankhamun, revealing profound insights into pharaonic afterlife beliefs and funerary practices.

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Bronze AgeDynastic Egypt

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World Record

Oldest Necropolis in the World

Saqqara

3100 BCE – 700 CE

Egypt's oldest major necropolis, home to the Step Pyramid of Djoser — the world's first large-scale stone monument, built c. 2650 BCE by the architect Imhotep.

Dynastic Egypt

The colonnaded forecourt of Luxor Temple illuminated at night, Luxor, Egypt

Country Record

Longest Recorded History in Egypt

Luxor Temple

1390 BCE – 30 BCE

The southern sanctuary of ancient Thebes — a colonnaded temple built by Amenhotep III and extended by Ramesses II on the Nile's east bank, connected to Karnak by a 3-kilometre sphinx-lined avenue and embedded inside a living city for three millennia, its innermost sanctuary repurposed as a Roman legionary shrine, then a Christian church, then a mosque.

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Dynastic EgyptHellenisticRoman

Colossal statue of Ramesses II at the Memphis open-air museum, Egypt

Continent Record

Oldest City in Africa

Memphis

3100 BCE – 641 CE

The ruined capital of Old Kingdom Egypt on the Nile floodplain south of Cairo — home to the colossal Ramesses II statue and the archaeological fields of Mit Rahina — where pharaohs from Djoser to Ramesses II governed a city whose name still means "enduring and beautiful."

Dynastic EgyptHellenisticRoman

Pillared portico and outer hypostyle facade of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos, Egypt

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World Record

Known by the Most Names in History

Abydos

4000 BCE – 400 CE

Ancient Egypt’s premier sacred necropolis and national cult center of Osiris, featuring the predynastic royal tombs of Dynasty 1 at Umm el-Qa’ab, King Khasekhemwy’s massive mudbrick fortress Shunet ez-Zebib, and Seti I’s limestone temple with the chronological Abydos King List and the subterranean Osireion.

Bronze AgeIron AgeClassical

Terraced colonnades of Hatshepsut's mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari, Luxor

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Country Record

Oldest Temple in Egypt

Deir el-Bahari

1479 BCE – 1458 BCE

Queen Hatshepsut's terraced mortuary temple rising in limestone tiers against the Theban cliffs at Deir el-Bahari — one of Egyptology's most photographed monuments and a centerpiece of Luxor's West Bank search traffic alongside the Valley of the Kings.

Dynastic Egypt

Philae

380 BCE – 537 CE

The sacred island temple of the goddess Isis near Aswan in southern Egypt — a graceful complex built largely by the Ptolemies and Romans that was one of the last functioning temples of ancient Egyptian religion, closing only around 537 CE. In the 1970s the entire complex was dismantled and rebuilt stone by stone on a higher island to save it from the rising waters of the Aswan dams.

311

Dynastic EgyptHellenisticRoman

Excavated foundations and stone sanctuary pylons of the Small Aten Temple at Tell el-Amarna, Egypt

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Country Record

Oldest City in Egypt

Amarna

1346 BCE – 1332 BCE

Short-lived capital city of 18th-Dynasty Egypt founded c. 1346 BCE by Pharaoh Akhenaten to serve as the exclusive sanctuary of the Aten sun disk. Abandoned shortly after Akhenaten’s death, the virgin desert site yielded the diplomatic Amarna Letters archive and the royal workshop where the iconic bust of Nefertiti was sculpted.

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Bronze AgeDynastic Egypt