Bronze Age Era

3300 BCE – 1200 BCE · 46 sites

All sites in this period

Continent Record

Oldest Monument in Europe

Stonehenge

3100 BCE – 1600 BCE

Stonehenge is a prehistoric megalithic monument in Wiltshire, England, erected in phases between 3100 and 1600 BCE. Its iconic sarsen stones and bluestones form a complex of ceremonial and astronomical significance.

NeolithicBronze Age

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Troy

3000 BCE – 500 CE

The legendary city of Homer's Iliad, located at Hisarlık in northwestern Türkiye. Multiple settlement layers spanning over 4,000 years make it one of the most storied archaeological sites in the world.

Iron AgeClassicalRoman

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Country Record

Earliest Known Site in Iraq

Babylon

1894 BCE – 539 BCE

Capital of ancient Babylonia, Babylon flourished under Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar II, famed for its Hanging Gardens and Ishtar Gate, before falling to Persia in 539 BCE.

Bronze AgeIron Age

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Continent Record

Oldest Necropolis in Africa

Pyramids of Giza

2580 BCE – 2510 BCE

The Pyramids of Giza, monumental tombs of Old Kingdom pharaohs Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, represent the zenith of ancient Egyptian architectural achievement and religious expression.

Bronze AgeDynastic Egypt

The Stone Tower of Jericho (Tell es-Sultan), c. 8500 BCE — among the world's earliest stone monuments

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Continent Record

Earliest Known Site in Asia

Jericho

9600 BCE – 700 CE

The world's oldest continuously inhabited city — a Neolithic settlement in the Jordan Valley where humans first built permanent stone structures and cultivated crops around 9600 BCE. The Tower of Jericho, erected by an early Neolithic community around 8500 BCE, is one of the earliest stone monuments on Earth, predating Stonehenge by more than 5,000 years and the Egyptian pyramids by more than 6,000.

NeolithicChalcolithicBronze Age

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Continent Record

Oldest City in Europe

Mycenae

1750 BCE – 1100 BCE

Mycenae, legendary city of Agamemnon, was a dominant Late Bronze Age power (1750–1100 BCE) renowned for its Cyclopean walls, Lion Gate, and wealthy shaft graves.

Bronze Age

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Continent Record

Southernmost Known Site in Europe

Knossos

1900 BCE – 1100 BCE

Knossos, the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete, was the ceremonial and political centre of the Minoan civilization, inhabited from c. 7000 BCE but with its palace complex flourishing between 1900 and 1100 BCE.

Bronze Age

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Palmyra

2000 BCE – 273 CE

Ancient oasis city in Syria, Palmyra was a crucial hub on the Silk Road, famed for its fusion of Greco-Roman and Persian architecture and the brief but dramatic reign of Queen Zenobia against Rome.

Bronze AgeIron AgeHellenistic

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Country Record

Longest Continuously Occupied Site in Iraq

Ur

3800 BCE – 500 BCE

Ur, a major Sumerian city-state in southern Mesopotamia, flourished from 3800 BCE to 500 BCE, renowned for its massive ziggurat, opulent royal tombs, and as the traditional birthplace of Abraham.

ChalcolithicBronze AgeIron Age

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Continent Record

Earliest Known Site in Africa

Valley of the Kings

1539 BCE – 1075 BCE

The Valley of the Kings, ancient Egypt's primary royal necropolis during the New Kingdom (c. 1539–1075 BCE), conceals over 60 elaborately decorated tombs, including that of Tutankhamun, revealing profound insights into pharaonic afterlife beliefs and funerary practices.

Bronze AgeDynastic Egypt

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Country Record

Oldest Temple in Egypt

Abu Simbel

1264 BCE – 1244 BCE

The twin rock temples of Abu Simbel, carved by Ramesses II (c. 1264–1244 BCE) in Nubia, showcase colossal statues and a celebrated solar alignment; they were famously relocated in the 1960s to escape the rising Lake Nasser.

Bronze AgeDynastic Egypt

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Oldest City in Pakistan

Mohenjo-daro

2500 BCE – 1700 BCE

Mohenjo-daro, a principal urban center of the Indus Civilization (c. 2500–1700 BCE), exemplifies advanced Bronze Age urban planning in South Asia with sophisticated water management and standardized architecture.

Bronze Age