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Atlas Anatolia
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Medieval ruins on the Dmanisi promontory, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia

Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)

World Record

Oldest Complex in the World

複合体

Dmanisi

Seyfi Cem Baskin

დმანისი1850000 紀元前 – 1770000 紀元前

A medieval town and paleoanthropological site in Kvemo Kartli, Georgia, where 1.8-million-year-old Homo erectus fossils (including skull 5) are the earliest well-dated humans outside Africa.

Paleolithic
111
関心 56

所在地

Georgia

41.33°N · 44.20°E · ヨーロッパ

地図全体と詳細 →Googleマップで開く ↗

Hominin dates

c. 1.85-1.77 million years ago

Skull 5

D4500/D2600, published 2013

Industry

Oldowan-style Mode 1 tools

Director

David Lordkipanidze and Georgian National Museum

“Dmanisi is the first solid date for Homo outside Africa, and the skulls argue against splitting every African fossil into a new species.”

所在地

概要

Dmanisi sits on a promontory above the Mashavera and Pinezauri confluence in southern Georgia. The visible ruins are a medieval fortress-town and bishop's seat. Beneath and beside them, a Pleistocene pipe of ash and alluvium trapped hominin bones, stone tools, and fauna. Georgian and international teams led by David Lordkipanidze have excavated since the 1990s.

Five skulls and associated postcrania date to about 1.85-1.77 million years ago. Skull 5 (D4500/D2600) combines a small braincase with a massive face; the series as a whole is often classified as early Homo erectus (or Homo erectus georgicus). The fossils show that a single dispersing African-derived population could look more variable than older textbooks allowed. Oldowan-style tools accompany the bones.

Compare Olduvai Gorge for the East African source landscape and Atapuerca for later European hominins. Dmanisi is not a UNESCO World Heritage site (nearby Mtskheta is a different inscription).

重要性

Dmanisi is the first solid date for Homo outside Africa, and the skulls argue against splitting every African fossil into a new species. It also reminds the atlas that "Europe" in human evolution begins in the Caucasus, not in France.

証拠と解釈

確立された事実と議論が続く事柄を区別する。

確立された事実

1
  • Multiple hominin crania and postcrania are dated to the late Pliocene / early Pleistocene at Dmanisi.

学術的推論

1
  • Morphological variation among the five skulls is population variation within early Homo erectus, not several coexisting species.

議論のある解釈

1
  • Some specialists still prefer Homo georgicus or a broader Homo habilis-grade label for the smallest specimens.

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このページの引用方法

Atlas Anatolia. (1850000). Dmanisi. Atlas Anatolia. https://atlasanatolia.com/ja/site/dmanisi

コンテンツはCC BY-SA 4.0ライセンスの下で提供されています — 再利用の際は出典表示が必要です。

出典

  • A Complete Skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the Evolutionary Biology of Early Homo — Lordkipanidze, David et al. (2013)
  • Earliest Pleistocene hominid cranial remains from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia — Gabunia, Leo et al. (2000)

よくある質問

Dmanisiはどこにありますか？

DmanisiはGeorgiaに位置しています。

Dmanisiの年代はいつ頃ですか？

Dmanisiはおよそ1850000 紀元前 – 1770000 紀元前のものとされています。

Dmanisiが重要な理由は何ですか？

Dmanisi is the first solid date for Homo outside Africa, and the skulls argue against splitting every African fossil into a new species.

Dmanisiはユネスコ世界遺産ですか？

Dmanisiは現在ユネスコ世界遺産には登録されていません。

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