الخط الزمني لحضارة Mauryan

600 ق.م – 1900 م · 8 مواقع

جميع المواقع في هذه الفترة

Kailasa Temple (Cave 16) at Ellora, carved from a single basalt outcrop, Maharashtra, India

Country Record

Longest Recorded History in India

Ellora Caves

100 ق.م – 1100 م

The world's largest rock-cut monastic and temple complex — 34 monasteries and shrines carved directly into a 2-kilometre basalt escarpment in Maharashtra, representing Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain traditions side by side. The Hindu Kailasa Temple (Cave 16), hewn from a single enormous rock in the 8th century CE, is the largest monolithic structure ever carved from stone and one of humanity's most audacious feats of rock-cut architecture.

ClassicalLate AntiqueEarly Medieval

Rock-cut Buddhist cave monasteries at Ajanta, cut into a horseshoe-shaped gorge, Maharashtra, India

Country Record

Earliest Known Site in India

Ajanta Caves

200 ق.م – 480 م

The greatest gallery of Buddhist art in the ancient world — 30 rock-cut caves carved into a horseshoe-shaped gorge in Maharashtra, containing murals and sculptures produced from the 2nd century BCE to the 6th century CE. The Gupta-period paintings (4th–5th century CE) in Caves 1, 2, 16, and 17 are among the finest figurative paintings to survive from antiquity anywhere in the world, comparable to the frescoes of Pompeii and the mosaics of Byzantine Ravenna.

ClassicalLate Antique

The Mahabodhi Temple at Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India

مميز

Country Record

Oldest Temple in India

Bodh Gaya

500 ق.م – 1900 م

The place where Siddhartha Gautama attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree — marked by the soaring Mahabodhi Temple in Bihar, India — the holiest pilgrimage site in Buddhism and a UNESCO World Heritage monument drawing devotees from across Asia.

Iron AgeClassicalEarly Medieval

Lumbini

600 ق.م – 630 م

The birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, and one of the most sacred pilgrimage sites in the Buddhist world — a Nepalese sanctuary anchored by an inscribed stone pillar erected in 249 BCE by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, one of the earliest and most reliable epigraphic confirmations of any event in the Buddha's life. Excavations beneath the Maya Devi Temple uncovered a timber shrine radiocarbon dated to the 6th century BCE — the earliest known Buddhist structure anywhere and remarkably consistent with the traditional dating of the Buddha's birth.

311

Iron AgeClassicalHellenistic

Nalanda

427 م – 1200 م

The ancient world's greatest university — a walled monastic complex in Bihar, India, that functioned as an international center of Buddhist learning from the 5th to 12th centuries CE, housing up to 10,000 students and monks from China, Korea, Tibet, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia before its destruction in 1193.

311

ClassicalEarly MedievalMedieval

The Great Stupa of Sanchi, the oldest stone structure in Buddhist architecture

Country Record

Oldest Complex in India

Sanchi

269 ق.م – 1200 م

A hilltop complex in Madhya Pradesh containing the oldest stone structure in Buddhist architecture — the Great Stupa commissioned by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE — whose four carved gateways (toranas) rank among the greatest achievements of ancient Indian sculpture.

Iron AgeClassicalHellenistic

The cylindrical Dhamekh Stupa at Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh, with carved Gupta-period stone banding

مميزجديد

World Record

Known by the Most Names in History

Sarnath

500 ق.م – 1200 م

The Deer Park northeast of Varanasi where the Buddha delivered the first sermon and founded the sangha. Ashoka’s lion capital, the Dhamekh Stupa, and sixteen centuries of monasteries were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage serial property on 25 July 2026.

Iron AgeClassicalLate Antique

Ruins of Sirkap, the Hellenistic-era city of Taxila, with grid-plan streets visible

Country Record

Longest Continuously Occupied Site in Pakistan

Taxila

518 ق.م – 600 م

An ancient city in the Pothohar Plateau of Pakistan where Achaemenid Persia, Alexander's Macedonia, and Mauryan India met — its three successive city sites and Buddhist monasteries document 1,200 years of continuous urban life at the crossroads of the ancient world.

Iron AgeClassicalHellenistic