Parthian Timeline

4200 BCE – 1218 CE · 2 sites

All sites in this period

Country Record

Longest Continuously Occupied Site in Iran

Susa

4200 BCE – 1218 CE

Ancient Susa, among the world's oldest cities, flourished from 4200 BCE as the Elamite lowland capital and later a ceremonial Achaemenid center, yielding treasures like the Code of Hammurabi stele.

ChalcolithicBronze AgeIron Age

70

Hatra

100 BCE – 241 CE

A Parthian caravan city in the northern Iraqi desert that withstood sieges by both Trajan and Septimius Severus — its massive circular defensive walls and hybrid Greco-Roman-Mesopotamian temples stood intact for 1,800 years until partial destruction by ISIS in 2015.

HellenisticRomanLate Antique

68