Ancient Archaeological Sites Worldwide

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269 ancient sites around the world, from the Paleolithic to the early modern era.

42 heritage monuments hidden

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Colosseum

72 CE – 80 CE

The Colosseum, Rome's iconic Flavian Amphitheatre, hosted gladiatorial combats and public spectacles, embodying imperial power and engineering innovation.

322

Roman

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Continent Record

Most-Visited Ancient Site in Asia

Great Wall of China

700 BCE – 1644 CE

The largest defensive structure ever built by human hands — a sprawling system of walls, forts, and watchtowers stretching over 21,000 kilometres across northern China, constructed and rebuilt across more than two millennia by successive dynasties from the Warring States period through the Ming. Far more than a single wall, it represents the accumulated military engineering of an entire civilization defending its northern frontier against nomadic incursion.

732

Iron AgeClassicalImperial China

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Continent Record

Most-Visited Ancient Site in South America

Machu Picchu

1450 CE – 1572 CE

An Inca citadel built c. 1450 CE, Machu Picchu sits atop a mountain ridge in Peru. Abandoned during the Spanish conquest, it remained unknown to the outside world until 1911.

422

Pre-ColumbianHigh MedievalEarly Modern

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Continent Record

Most-Visited Ancient Site in Europe

Stonehenge

3100 BCE – 1600 BCE

Stonehenge is a prehistoric megalithic monument in Wiltshire, England, erected in phases between 3100 and 1600 BCE. Its iconic sarsen stones and bluestones form a complex of ceremonial and astronomical significance.

332

NeolithicBronze Age

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Country Record

Oldest City in Jordan

Petra

300 BCE – 700 CE

Petra, the Nabataean capital from ~300 BCE to 700 CE, is famed for its rock-cut tombs and sophisticated water system, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New Seven Wonders.

322

HellenisticRomanLate Antique

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Country Record

Oldest City in Italy

Pompeii

700 BCE – 79 CE

The Roman city of Pompeii was buried in the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE, its extraordinary preservation offering an unparalleled window into ancient daily life.

521

Iron AgeClassicalHellenistic

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World Record

Most-Visited Ancient Site in the World

Troy

3000 BCE – 500 CE

Nine settlement layers at Hisarlık in northwestern Türkiye, where Heinrich Schliemann dug for Homer's Troy and archaeologists still debate which level matches a historical war. UNESCO listed the site in 1998; renewed interest from epic film adaptations keeps new visitors comparing poetry with stone.

312

Iron AgeClassicalRoman

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Country Record

Known by the Most Names in Cambodia

Angkor Wat

1113 CE – 1218 CE

Angkor Wat, the world’s largest religious monument, was built as a Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu by Khmer king Suryavarman II, later evolving into a Buddhist complex.

322

High Medieval

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Country Record

Earliest Known Site in Iraq

Babylon

1894 BCE – 539 BCE

Capital of ancient Babylonia, Babylon flourished under Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar II, famed for its Hanging Gardens and Ishtar Gate, before falling to Persia in 539 BCE.

412

Bronze AgeIron Age

The fifteen moai of Ahu Tongariki at Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chile

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Continent Record

Most-Visited Ancient Site in Oceania

Easter Island

900 CE – 1722 CE

The most remote inhabited island on Earth and the home of the moai — over 900 monumental stone figures, some weighing 80 tonnes, carved and transported by the Rapa Nui people across a tiny Pacific island to stand on ceremonial platforms as the embodied presence of ancestral chiefs.

MedievalEarly Modern

The portico and rotunda of the Pantheon in Rome, Italy

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Country Record

Known by the Most Names in Italy

Pantheon

27 BCE – 125 CE

The best-preserved monument of ancient Rome — a temple "to all the gods" rebuilt under the emperor Hadrian around 125 CE, crowned by the largest unreinforced concrete dome ever built, a perfect hemisphere lit by a single open oculus at its apex. It has stood roofed and in continuous use for nearly nineteen centuries.

311

Roman

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Continent Record

Southernmost Known Site in South America

Rapa Nui

1100 CE – 1722 CE

Rapa Nui (Easter Island) is famed for its colossal stone moai, crafted by a Polynesian society that flourished from roughly 1100 to 1722 CE, leaving a cryptic legacy of monumental art and ecological transformation.

323

Pre-ColumbianHigh MedievalEarly Modern

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