عصر Byzantine

330 م – 1453 م · 45 مواقع

جميع المواقع في هذه الفترة

World Record

Most-Visited Ancient Site in the World

Troy

3000 ق.م – 500 م

Nine settlement layers at Hisarlık in northwestern Türkiye, where Heinrich Schliemann dug for Homer's Troy and archaeologists still debate which level matches a historical war. UNESCO listed the site in 1998; renewed interest from epic film adaptations keeps new visitors comparing poetry with stone.

312

Iron AgeClassicalRoman

Ephesus

1000 ق.م – 700 م

Major Ionian city near modern Selçuk, once home to the Temple of Artemis and later a Roman metropolis of marble streets, terrace houses, and the Library of Celsus. Paul's epistles and pilgrimage routes kept Ephesus famous after the ancient harbour silted away.

312

RomanClassicalHellenistic

The Dome of the Rock and Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem

مميز

Country Record

Oldest City in Israel

Old City of Jerusalem

1000 ق.م – 1900 م

The walled heart of Jerusalem — roughly one square kilometre sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam — where the Western Wall, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and Dome of the Rock stand within Ottoman-era ramparts and layers of Iron Age, Roman, Byzantine, and medieval archaeology.

211

Iron AgeClassicalHellenistic

Derinkuyu

800 ق.م – 1923 م

The deepest known underground city in the world, extending 85 meters below the surface with 18 levels. It could shelter approximately 20,000 people along with livestock and food stores.

312

Iron AgeClassicalByzantine

مميز

Ani

500 م – 1400 م

A medieval Armenian capital on the Turkish-Armenian border, once home to over 100,000 people. Its ruins include magnificent churches, mosques, and fortifications spanning centuries of multicultural history.

312

ByzantineMedieval

Panoramic view of ancient Antakya from the hills

مميز

Antioch (Antakya)

300 ق.م – 1268 م

One of the four great cities of the ancient world and a cradle of early Christianity. Antioch's extraordinary mosaics rival those of Pompeii, and its layered history spans Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic civilizations.

312

ClassicalHellenisticRoman

Pergamon

800 ق.م – 700 م

A major Hellenistic capital perched on a dramatic acropolis, renowned for its Great Altar, its library rivaling Alexandria, and the Asclepion healing center.

211

RomanClassicalHellenistic

Roman theatre and Mediterranean shoreline at Caesarea Maritima, Israel

مميزجديد

Country Record

Known by the Most Names in Israel

Caesarea Maritima

22 ق.م – 1265 م

Herod the Great’s purpose-built Roman port on the Sharon coast, with the harbour of Sebastos, a theatre, hippodrome, and aqueduct. A 2025 Haifa–Malta photogrammetric survey of the drowned harbour mouth shows two building phases and a channel still deep enough for ships.

HellenisticRomanLate Antique

مميز

Hierapolis

190 ق.م – 1354 م

A Greco-Roman spa city perched above the famous white travertine terraces of Pamukkale. One of the best-preserved ancient cities in Turkey, with a vast necropolis, theatre, and the Plutonium — a gate to the underworld.

211

HellenisticRomanByzantine

Traditional beehive houses and ruins at Harran, southeastern Turkey

مميز

Country Record

Oldest City in Türkiye

Harran

3000 ق.م – 2000 م

One of the oldest continuously inhabited places on Earth, where Abraham paused on his journey to Canaan, where the last pagan temple of the Moon God survived into the Islamic era, and where distinctive beehive houses dot the Mesopotamian plain.

411

Bronze AgeIron AgeClassical

Fairy chimneys and cave churches at Goreme Open Air Museum, Cappadocia

مميز

Country Record

Oldest Complex in Türkiye

Cappadocia (Goreme Open Air Museum)

3000 ق.م – 1300 م

A surreal landscape of fairy chimneys and cave churches carved into volcanic rock, housing some of the finest Byzantine frescoes in existence. Cappadocia's Goreme valley is where geology and faith converge in extraordinary form.

312

Bronze AgeRomanByzantine

The colonnaded Oval Forum at Jerash (Gerasa), Jordan

Country Record

Known by the Most Names in Jordan

Jerash

170 ق.م – 749 م

One of the best-preserved Roman provincial cities anywhere — a Greco-Roman town in the hills of northern Jordan with a colonnaded main street, a unique oval forum ringed by columns, two grand theatres, hilltop temples to Zeus and Artemis, and triumphal arches, all buried by earthquake and sand and recovered in remarkable completeness.

311

HellenisticRomanByzantine