概要
Sutton Hoo is a complex of burial mounds on a promontory above the River Deben in Suffolk, eastern England. In 1939 the landowner Edith Pretty commissioned excavation of the largest mound, and archaeologist Basil Brown uncovered the impression left by a 27-metre-long clinker-built ship that had been dragged inland and buried with a treasure chamber at its centre. The timbers had long since rotted, but the iron rivets marking their positions preserved the ghost of the entire vessel in the sand.
Within the burial chamber lay the richest assemblage of Anglo-Saxon treasure ever found: a distinctive iron helmet with a face mask of bronze decorated with gilded animals; a great gold belt buckle weighing 412 grams; shoulder clasps, purse lid, and sword fittings all in cloisonne goldwork with garnets from Sri Lanka; a ceremonial whetstone (sceptre); silver plate from Byzantium; and drinking horns and cauldrons for feasting. The extraordinary quality and the mixture of local craftsmanship with imports from Byzantium, Scandinavia, and the Near East reveal a ruler deeply enmeshed in the networks of early medieval Europe.
No body was found — dissolved by the acidic Suffolk sand — but the scale and contents of the burial strongly suggest a king, and the most persuasive candidate is Raedwald of East Anglia, who died around 625 CE and was described by Bede as the most powerful king in England. The connection to Beowulf — the Old English poem set in the same milieu of Scandinavian-influenced royal burial, ship funerals, and hall culture — has made Sutton Hoo one of the most discussed sites in medieval studies. The site is managed by the National Trust; the treasures are held by the British Museum.