Cronologia Islamic / Medieval

1000 a.C. – 1950 d.C. · 7 siti

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In evidenza

Record nazionale

Longest Continuously Occupied Site in Mali

Timbuktu

1100 d.C. – 1591 d.C.

Legendary 'City of 333 Saints' and major trans-Saharan trade hub; reached its intellectual zenith under Songhai (1464–1591), leaving earthen mosques and vast manuscript libraries.

323

High MedievalEarly Modern

The Dome of the Rock and Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem

In evidenza

Record nazionale

Oldest City in Israel

Old City of Jerusalem

1000 a.C. – 1900 d.C.

The walled heart of Jerusalem — roughly one square kilometre sacred to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam — where the Western Wall, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and Dome of the Rock stand within Ottoman-era ramparts and layers of Iron Age, Roman, Byzantine, and medieval archaeology.

211

Iron AgeClassicalHellenistic

Roman theatre and Mediterranean shoreline at Caesarea Maritima, Israel

In evidenzaNuovo

Record nazionale

Known by the Most Names in Israel

Caesarea Maritima

22 a.C. – 1265 d.C.

Herod the Great’s purpose-built Roman port on the Sharon coast, with the harbour of Sebastos, a theatre, hippodrome, and aqueduct. A 2025 Haifa–Malta photogrammetric survey of the drowned harbour mouth shows two building phases and a channel still deep enough for ships.

HellenisticRomanLate Antique

Dense mud-brick tower houses of the walled city of Shibam in Wadi Hadramawt

In evidenza

Record nazionale

Longest Continuously Occupied Site in Yemen

Shibam

500 d.C. – 1800 d.C.

A walled city of towering mud-brick tower houses in Yemen’s Wadi Hadramawt — often called the "Manhattan of the Desert" — where medieval Hadrami urbanism perfected vertical densification as a response to floodplain limits and defensive needs.

MedievalEarly Modern

Earthen walls and ruins of the ancient city complex of Merv, Turkmenistan

In evidenza

Ancient Merv

500 a.C. – 1221 d.C.

One of the greatest oasis cities of Central Asia — successive walled cities of Margiana on the Murghab delta in present-day Turkmenistan, bridging Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sasanian, and Islamic Silk Road empires until Mongol destruction in 1221.

ClassicalHellenisticRoman

The vaulted coral-stone nave of the Great Mosque of Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania

In evidenza

Record nazionale

Longest Continuously Occupied Site in Tanzania

Kilwa Kisiwani

800 d.C. – 1520 d.C.

The greatest medieval trading city on the East African coast — an island sultanate whose coral-stone mosques and palaces dominated the Indian Ocean gold trade from the 9th to the 16th century. Ibn Battuta visited in 1331 and called it one of the most beautiful cities in the world.

Early MedievalMedieval

Mud-brick ksar of Aït Ben Haddou climbing a hillside in Morocco

In evidenza

Record continentale

Oldest Settlement in Africa

Aït Ben Haddou

1600 d.C. – 1950 d.C.

A fortified earthen ksar on the old caravan route between the Sahara and Marrakesh, its stacked pisé towers climbing a hillside above the Ounila River. UNESCO listed the ensemble in 1987; filmmakers from Gladiator to recent Trojan epics have used its ridge as a stand-in for ancient walled cities when cameras need sun, dust, and mud-brick authenticity.

211

Early ModernOttoman