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Medieval ruins on the Dmanisi promontory, Kvemo Kartli, Georgia

Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)

Record mondiale

Oldest Complex in the World

Complesso

Dmanisi

Seyfi Cem Baskin

დმანისი1850000 a.C. – 1770000 a.C.

A medieval town and paleoanthropological site in Kvemo Kartli, Georgia, where 1.8-million-year-old Homo erectus fossils (including skull 5) are the earliest well-dated humans outside Africa.

Paleolithic
111
Interesse 56

Posizione

Georgia

41.33°N · 44.20°E · Europa

Mappa completa e dettagli →Apri in Google Maps ↗

Hominin dates

c. 1.85-1.77 million years ago

Skull 5

D4500/D2600, published 2013

Industry

Oldowan-style Mode 1 tools

Director

David Lordkipanidze and Georgian National Museum

“Dmanisi is the first solid date for Homo outside Africa, and the skulls argue against splitting every African fossil into a new species.”

Posizione

Panoramica

Dmanisi sits on a promontory above the Mashavera and Pinezauri confluence in southern Georgia. The visible ruins are a medieval fortress-town and bishop's seat. Beneath and beside them, a Pleistocene pipe of ash and alluvium trapped hominin bones, stone tools, and fauna. Georgian and international teams led by David Lordkipanidze have excavated since the 1990s.

Five skulls and associated postcrania date to about 1.85-1.77 million years ago. Skull 5 (D4500/D2600) combines a small braincase with a massive face; the series as a whole is often classified as early Homo erectus (or Homo erectus georgicus). The fossils show that a single dispersing African-derived population could look more variable than older textbooks allowed. Oldowan-style tools accompany the bones.

Compare Olduvai Gorge for the East African source landscape and Atapuerca for later European hominins. Dmanisi is not a UNESCO World Heritage site (nearby Mtskheta is a different inscription).

Perché è importante

Dmanisi is the first solid date for Homo outside Africa, and the skulls argue against splitting every African fossil into a new species. It also reminds the atlas that "Europe" in human evolution begins in the Caucasus, not in France.

Evidenze e interpretazione

Distinguere ciò che è ben consolidato da ciò che rimane dibattuto.

Fatti ben consolidati

1
  • Multiple hominin crania and postcrania are dated to the late Pliocene / early Pleistocene at Dmanisi.

Deduzioni accademiche

1
  • Morphological variation among the five skulls is population variation within early Homo erectus, not several coexisting species.

Interpretazioni dibattute

1
  • Some specialists still prefer Homo georgicus or a broader Homo habilis-grade label for the smallest specimens.

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Come citare questa pagina

Atlas Anatolia. (1850000). Dmanisi. Atlas Anatolia. https://atlasanatolia.com/it/site/dmanisi

Contenuto con licenza CC BY-SA 4.0 — è richiesta l'attribuzione in caso di riutilizzo.

Fonti

  • A Complete Skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the Evolutionary Biology of Early Homo — Lordkipanidze, David et al. (2013)
  • Earliest Pleistocene hominid cranial remains from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia — Gabunia, Leo et al. (2000)

Domande frequenti

Dove si trova Dmanisi?

Dmanisi si trova in Georgia.

A quando risale Dmanisi?

Dmanisi risale all'incirca al 1850000 a.C. – 1770000 a.C..

Perché Dmanisi è importante?

Dmanisi is the first solid date for Homo outside Africa, and the skulls argue against splitting every African fossil into a new species.

Dmanisi è un sito Patrimonio Mondiale dell'UNESCO?

Dmanisi non è attualmente iscritto nella lista del Patrimonio Mondiale dell'UNESCO.

PrecedenteDjenné-Djeno
SuccessivoDougga