200 BCE – 1784 CE · 3 sites
500 CE – 1400 CE
A medieval Armenian capital on the Turkish-Armenian border, once home to over 100,000 people. Its ruins include magnificent churches, mosques, and fortifications spanning centuries of multicultural history.
1685 CE – 1784 CE
A stunning Ottoman-period palace complex at the foot of Mount Ararat, blending Ottoman, Persian, Armenian, and Georgian architectural traditions into one of eastern Turkey's most magnificent monuments.
200 BCE – 1375 CE
A colossal fortified city in the Cilician plain featuring a stunning Roman triumphal arch, massive Armenian-era castle, stadium, and aqueduct — one of the most impressive yet least-visited ruins in Turkey.
