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Magnesia on the Maeander was one of the great cities of Hellenistic and Roman Ionia, situated on a fertile plain near the Maeander River in what is now Aydin Province. The city's fame rests primarily on its Temple of Artemis Leucophryene, designed by the architect Hermogenes in the late 3rd or early 2nd century BCE — a building that would profoundly influence the development of classical architecture.
Hermogenes is credited with perfecting the pseudodipteral plan (a double-colonnade appearance achieved with a single ring of columns and widened walkway) and establishing proportional rules that the Roman architect Vitruvius later codified in De Architectura. The Temple of Artemis at Magnesia was Hermogenes' masterpiece and the model that generations of Roman architects studied and emulated.
"Magnesia is situated on the river Lethaeus, a tributary of the Maeander. The city is celebrated for its temple of Artemis Leucophryene."
— Strabo, c. 7 BCE - 23 CE
The city's agora, enclosed by stoas on all four sides, was one of the largest and most regular public squares in the ancient world. Excavations have revealed a monumental altar in the agora precinct, a theatre, a stadium, and elaborate Roman-period baths.
Magnesia was also famous in the ancient world for the festival of Artemis Leucophryene, which gained Panhellenic recognition in 221/220 BCE. An inscription preserving the responses of Greek cities to Magnesia's request for recognition of the festival's sacred status is one of the most important documents of Hellenistic interstate relations.
Despite its historical significance, Magnesia remains lightly visited compared to nearby Ephesus and Priene, giving the site a serene quality that belies its importance.